Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB, C4H8O3) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, often referred to as a “club drug” or “date rape” drug. It is used recreationally, particularly at bars, parties, clubs, and raves, and is sometimes mixed with alcoholic beverages. Reported effects of GHB use include euphoria, increased sex drive, and tranquility. However, adverse effects are common and may include sweating, nausea, hallucinations, amnesia, loss of consciousness (reported by 69% of users), coma, and other serious health risks.

Medical Use:
Under the brand name Xyrem (sodium oxybate), GHB is an FDA-approved prescription drug (approved in 2002) for treating narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. Xyrem, the sodium salt of GHB, is a Schedule III controlled substance in the U.S. and is tightly regulated, requiring patients to enroll in a restricted access program.

Natural Occurrence:
GHB is a naturally occurring metabolite of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, though at much lower concentrations than those seen with recreational use. Trace amounts of GHB may also be present in some beers and wines due to fermentation, but these levels are insignificant.

Risks and Dangers:
High doses of GHB, even without other substances, can cause profound sedation, seizures, coma, severe respiratory depression, and death. Emergency room visits related to GHB often involve polydrug use, including substances like marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, Ecstasy, or Rohypnol.